Lanthimos started his career in experimental theatre before making his directorial film debut with the sex comedy My Best Friend (2001). He rose to prominence by directing the psychological drama film Dogtooth (2009), which won the Un Certain Regard prize at the Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Lanthimos transitioned to making English-language films with the black comedy The Lobster (2015), which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay, and the psychological thriller The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2017).

He collaborated with actress Emma Stone in the period black comedies The Favourite (2018) and Poor Things (2023) and the anthology film Kinds of Kindness (2024). He received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Director and Best Picture for The Favourite and Poor Things, in addition to winning the Golden Lion for the latter.

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